Conversely, ACSL4 expression, along with levels of ROS, MDA, 4-HNE, Fe 2+ , and -synuclein, were markedly elevated, thereby exacerbating ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation in the brain
For clarity, only a representative portion of the mean SEM values are shown in the graphs
5 Reactive oxygen species as oxidizing agents: impact on cysteine proteinases and cellular homeostasis It has long been established that disturbances in reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation generate highly reactive cellular environments, profoundly influencing intracellular signaling pathways and contributing to oxidative stress
62 There are suggestions that a combination of antioxidants and enzymes may be more effective in protecting against neuronal damage in PD
Identity confirmation for all four components, not purity alone