The mechanism of action of tamoxifen cytotoxicity when used at concentrations above the nanomolar range has been linked to the induction of oxidative stress, through the engagement of ER -unrelated, undefined mediators that activate oxidative enzymes or modulate Ca 2+ homeostasis, increasing the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or oxidized molecules (Lee et al., 2000
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CB0313.1 improved diabetic markers (fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, GLP-1 and insulin secretion), and decreased blood lipids and inflammatory tone
Mechanistic insight from broader reviews of antioxidant systems Lu, Y., et al
Data statistics are shown in Figure 9C