IL-33 has been shown to stimulate melanin biosynthesis in NHEM by promoting phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and CREB, leading to increased expression of TYR, TRP-1, and DCT through MITF, ultimately resulting in increased melanin production (Zhou et al., 2014)
Cited 1/9/20 Wexler DJ (2020): Initial management of hyperglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Furthermore, a number of neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to benefit from rutin, including Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons disease and prion disease, which caused by neuron loss, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation (28)
They act on brain regions involved in appetite regulation, potentially reducing hunger signals
They all belong to the same structural class, yet they perform completely different jobs in the bodysometimes opposite ones