The HPA axis is involved in many psychopathological processes, such as depression, and long-term amphetamine abuse can damage the HPA axis, leading to impaired negative feedback, adrenal enlargement, and hypercortisolemia 39,40
It is also an antioxidant, which helps cells fight damage from harmful compounds called free radicals
It is important to notice that the maximum glargine once daily dose was capped at 60 IU
Understanding medication side effects is key to safe treatment
However, for most common antibiotics like amoxicillin, azithromycin, and fluoroquinolones, this effect is minimal and does not significantly reduce their effectiveness