Efficacy and safety of metformin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: a systematic review for the development of recommendations to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing
Remember, B12 deficiency can cause a whole host of symptoms, and reversing those effects might take some time
Bjrbk, C., Uotani, S., da Silva, B
Results vary widely by drug and by study, though: a 2025 systematic review found that liraglutide tends to promote metabolically beneficial bacteria, while the effects of semaglutide on microbial diversity were inconsistent across studies, sometimes decreasing it even as specific beneficial species increased ( Nutrients , 2025)
Taking it with meals containing fat prevents around a third of the fat from your meal being absorbed