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Abbreviations Alb: Albumin ANCOVA: Analysis of covariance APACHE II: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II Bil-D: Direct bilirubin Bill-T: Total bilirubin BMI: Body mass index BUN: Blood urea nitrogen CAT: Catalase CBC: Complete blood count Cl: Chloride Cr: Creatinine CRP: C-reactive protein DBP: Diastolic blood pressure ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate GR: Glutathione reductase GSH: Glutathione GSH-Px: Glutathione-peroxidase ICU: Intensive care unit IL-6: Interleukin-6 iNOS: Induced nitric oxide synthase ITT: Intention-to-treat LC: L-carnitine MCH: Mean corpuscular volume MCHC: Mean corpuscular volume concentration MDA: Malondialdehyde NADPH-oxidase: Nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase Nrf2: Nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related-factor-2 NF-kB: Nuclear factor kappa B NO: Nitric oxide NUTRIC: Nutrition risk in the critically ill PAMPs: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns Plt: Platelet PO 2 : Blood pressure of oxygen PPAR: Peroxisome-proliferator activated-receptor PT: Prothrombin time PTT: Partial prothrombin time qSOFA: Quick SOFA RNS: Reactive nitrogen species ROS: Reactive oxygen species SBP: Systolic blood pressure SCCM: Society of critical care medicine SD: Standard deviation SOD: Superoxide dismutase SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment TAC: Total antioxidant capacity TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- WBC: White blood cell XO: Xanthine-oxidase References Huang M, Cai S, Su J

Mitochondrial ROS are increased under hypoxia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, chemical stress, drug treatment, and under many pathophysiological conditions (Srinivasan and Avadhani, 2012)

Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and its effects on a NSAID toxicity model: Diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal, liver, and encephalopathy lesions

Cell Mol Biol Lett 30 , 147 (2025)

Comparing CJC-1295 With DAC vs No DAC This table breaks down the functional and structural differences between the two, which is essential for proper experimental design