TCN1 and TCN2: Transporting vitamin B12 TCN1 (transcobalamin I, TCN1 gene): TCN1 is a protein that binds to and transports vitamin B12
The reasons for the wide-spread use of this test are the ease of performing the single intervention, the reproducible and spontaneous pain-related responses that can be observed in unrestrained animals, and finally, the 2 separately interpretable readouts
Homocysteine can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction, all of which can contribute to neurological damage
Cost per visit is the lowest of any IV-clinic service
It typically begins with declining blood levels (stage I), followed by low cellular levels (stage II), increased homocysteine levels and reduced DNA synthesis (stage III), and finally macrocytic anemia (stage IV)