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In recent years, weight loss medicines have become a major trend

However, while a few clinical studies have reported small changes in thyroid levels in participants with hypothyroidism on who are on thyroid replacement therapy while taking PPIs, a clear connection has not been firmly established

Oestrogen modulates hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis through multiple mechanisms

Source: Barrett, et al JAMA Surgery, September 17, 2025 Researchers correlated insurance claims data and electronic medical records in a system that owns both an insurance plan (Highmark) and a provider system (Allegheny Health), and compared total medical expense for over 30,000 individuals who had either metabolic and bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy) or were treated with GLP-1 medications between 2018 and 2023

Treatment recommendations depend on medical history, provider evaluation, current medications, wellness goals, and clinical appropriateness