This ingredient helps reduce excessive pigmentation by inhibiting the activation of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin and it also has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties 8
Additionally, it supports angiogenesis and skin regeneration at the cellular level, resulting in visible improvement of skin structure and appearance
This is where formulation design becomes the most important part of the conversation
Toms J, Lanuza MA, Santaf MM, Cilleros-Ma V, Just-Borrs L, Balany-Segura M, Polishchuk A, Nadal L, Toms M, Garcia N (2023) Muscarinic receptors in developmental axonal competition at the neuromuscular junction
Chem Eng J 421:129577 Guo D, Wang W, Zhao D, Chen T, Ma X, Li Y et al (2025) Synergistic dual chemophysical FeCu-MOF scaffold with PEMF stimulation drives angiogenic-osteogenic coupling for bone regeneration