SLNs can enhance nasal drug absorption, bypass the BBB to deliver drugs to the CNS, and increase the concentration of active drug compounds in the brain[99]
Additionally, there are indirect factors influencing TJs, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), NO, ROS, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), and NF-B signaling pathways [120,121,122,123,124]
Shankar and Huberman reflect on how focus, reflection, sleep, and deliberate practice allow the brain to rewire well into adulthood
They can be administered with the purpose of the inhibition of tyrosinase activity, reduction of melanin transfer, acceleration of keratinocyte turnover, melanin dispersion, and enhanced skin permeation through the stratum corneum layer (Ortonne, 2006)
These can help reduce oxidative damage and pigmentation locally when combined with vitamin C, niacinamide, or retinol